Showing posts with label ballad. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ballad. Show all posts

Sunday, March 20, 2016

Kipling monostich



~ … by all things  merry,  musical,  and meet .. ~

That fragment (from a humorous and forgettable early poem, “The Plea of the Simla Dancers”, by Rudyard Kipling) here appears, merely because we are reminded, by a slight, defensive, apologetic piece  that appeared this morning at the tail-end of the (now much diminished) New York Times Book Review,
that Kipling,   when he is recalled at all,
is obnoxious to pot-shots from the politicocorrectati. 



As it happens, I am no particular fan of Kipling, one way or the other.  The title of his children’s-book, Just-So Stories, is immortal, at least among the community of science-philosophers (in particular, as regards Darwinism);  the contents of those charming tales (which I imbibed at my mother’s knee, from the very volume which she had preserved from her nursery) are now less well-known;  and if known, generally not credited.  -- True, the reason that fragment is in my mind, is that I’ve been dipping into a volume on my night-table:  Rudyard Kipling: The Complete Verse.   Yet thát, for no special literary (let alone ideological) reason, but simply because (a) a copy turned up for a couple of dollars, at the neighborhood outlet for remaindered books, and (b) the poems mostly tell stories, and are fun, and are a good antidote to the rhymeless pointless drivel that has infected The New Yorker and the little-magazines, lo now  for many decades.


~

Borne on merely by the inertia of this,  I read the very next poem  in the collection (“As the Bell Clinks” -- again, funny  and forgettable), and notice an odd rhyme-scheme.  Long lines composed of hemistichs, chiming thus:

A     A
A     B
C     C
D     B
(repeat final line with variation, but retaining the rhyme-word, “tonga-bar”)

E     E
E     B
F     F
G     B
(repeat final line with variation, but retaining the rhyme-word, “bar”)

H     H
H     B
I     I
J     B
(repeat final line with variation, but retaining the rhyme-word, “tonga-bar”)

and so forth.

The poem goes on for quite a while;  to show the lengths to which the poet must go, to observe the

X     X
X     B

motif, consider this couplet:

Yet a further stage my goal on -- we were whirling down to Solon,
With a double lurch and roll on, best foot foremost, ganz und gar--

(and no, it doesn’t make much more sense in context.  -- That final phrase is German;  passe encore, only, it is merely metri causâ, and doesn’t otherwise especially fit.)



The point I’m sort of getting at, is:  What an incredibly impoverished literary experience would be that of anyone who approached Kipling  simply with a clip-board of Correctness Check-list Infractions (check all that apply).
~

To keep it in perspective -- Upon that night-table  lies one other book of verse: the Library of America edition, American Poetry: The Twentieth Century.  I purchased this some years ago, but became bogged-down in Volume One -- stuck in the mire of Ezra Pound.   Such muck as this:

Aquinas head down in a vacuum,
               Aristotle which way in a vacuum?
Sacrum, sacrum, inluminatio coitu.
Lo Sordels si fo di Mantovana
                of a castle named Goito.
“Five castles!
“Five castles!”
                (king giv’ him five castles)
“And what the hell do I know about dye-works?!”

Now, Pound (it is said) was a fascist;  but that is not why I disrelish his verse.  Kipling, it may be, “was an Imperialist” (in the words of the unthinking thoughtless), or:  dwelt at some depth, upon the upswing of History into which he was willy-nilly born;  but judge his verse  on its merits.

~

One thing I do appreciate in Kipling (though it surfaces but rarely)  is any echo of the old Scottish/English border ballads, with their “incremental repetition” (basic to my blood) --

  Long was the morn of slaughter,
      Long was the list of slain,
  Five score heads were taken,
       Five score heads and twain;

(compare “We hadna sailed a league, a league, A league but only three”).

Meaning:  100 slain -- nay, 102.

.
[To Be Continued, as time permits.]

Saturday, July 30, 2011

Remarks on Minimalism (expanded)

Minimalism is like a germ, a seed:  compact, yet containing the whole fruit in posse.

Compare the art of the miniature:  molto   in petto.

It was in the art of the miniature … that the Elizabethans achieved perfection in the plastic arts.  When there was so much over-elaboration, and furniture and dress  were alike  stiff with richness, and extravagantly swollen in line -- one sees the same inflation in the bulbous legs of tables  as in the farthingales of the women --it is well to note tht the Elizabethans could achieve elegance and simplicity of proportion  as in so much of their silver.  In particular their favourite design of the steeple cup  is a model of precision and grace.
-- A. L. Rowse, The England of Elizabeth (1950)

Minimalism is spare, but not impoverished.

Gordon Gerould, The Ballad of Tradition (1932), observes that the ballad is characterized by “telling a story in terms of its crucial or concluding incident, to the neglect of the chain of events that precedes it, and permitting the action to interpret itself  with the minimum of comment and descriptive setting.”   E.K. Chambers similarly speaks of “a stern economy in the reduction of the unessential to a formula”.

And with this formal spareness goes an emotional restraint:

Even ballads with a grim background of deadly feud… which must have been made and sung by folk who were intensely partisan, are singularly restrained.
            -- Gordon Gerould, The Ballad of Tradition

It all hangs together.  (Tout se tient.)

Minimalist Hotel:  the Presidential Suite


*

Minimalism is an established term of arts criticism, which I am accordingly not obliged to define, being responsible only for (following Chomsky in) attempting to apply the term (perhaps without good warrant) to new areas, principally scientific thought.   But the term is problematic even in its original sphere.
Thus, considered Warhol’s 1963 milestone Sleep.   The film lasts over five hours, and simply observes, with a motionless camera, a man sleeping, naked, in an empty room.  (At least it purports to;  the actual film was artsied up in various ways.  My remarks apply to an ideal doppelgänger film, shot strictly in real time.)   No purer tribute to the Aristotelian unities can be imagined.  Surely this is a pinnacle of minimalism -- not necessarily an interesting pinnacle, but formally speaking, a pinnacle nonetheless.
And yet -- au contraire, Pierre !   Art consists largely in leaving things out, and minimalism in leaving a whole lot out.  Only, this film leaves nothing out, of the admittedly modest turf it covers.  Here, the map is exactly the territory.
I was reminded of Warhol’s classic jest, by the success of the current film (in minimal-limited distro) Clock.  It’s sort of like the TV show 24, in that it purports to show things happening at the hour they are ‘actually’ happening, for a full twenty-four hours.   Neither is actually an analogue of (the ideal) movie Sleep, since neither actually follows anything, real or fictional, over such a time period.  24 collapses what could only happen over several busy days or weeks (with an elaborate tangle of semi-independent story-lines -- Aristotle would puke) into a compressed imaginary schedule, and Clock stitches together snippets of various films showing various things and, oh look, a clock showing “5:10”.  24 is standard thriller fare; Clock is utterly meta.
After all, it’s not surprising that it’s hard to apply a modern term like minimalist clearly and consistently, to a body of work  much of which is devoted to baffling our expectations and abolishing the boundaries between categories.


*
[update 30 July 2011]
From the world of political minimalism -- this just in !


Monday, April 4, 2011

The Ballad of Doubting Thomas


THE BALLAD OF DOUBTING THOMAS
Miserere eum nobisque


When Christ came down from off the cross
Oh the leaves drop down in autumn
None were but did bewail his loss.
and the cherry blooms in spring

When Christ arose from out the grave
Oh the leaves drop down in autumn
then some did doubt and some believe.
and the cherry blooms in spring

When Thomas heard the news they bore
Oh the leaves drop down in autumn
He shook his head and scoffed and swore.
and the cherry blooms in spring

"I'll never credit this disguise
Oh the leaves drop down in autumn
save that I see with mine own eyes."
and the cherry blooms in spring

"Nor with you will I not rejoice
Oh the leaves drop down in autumn
unless I hear his very voice."
and the cherry blooms in spring

"No more with Christians will I stand
Oh the leaves drop down in autumn
ere I touch the nail-holes with this hand."
and the cherry blooms in spring

Then the wind did blow and the rain did moan
Oh the leaves drop down in autumn
And Thomas walked along alone.
and the cherry blooms in spring

He saw a figure in the road
Oh the leaves drop down in autumn
That might, or might not, be his Lord.
and the cherry blooms in spring



"O Thomas, dost thou know me now?"
Oh the leaves drop down in autumn
"Naught know I,  save you show me how."
and the cherry blooms in spring

Then Christ revealed his wound so wide
Oh the leaves drop down in autumn
And Thomas thrust his hand inside.
and the cherry blooms in spring

He fell to 's knees without a word
Oh the leaves drop down in autumn
Then said: Thou art my Lord my God.
and the cherry blooms in spring


Praise God that Thomas is reprieved.
Oh the leaves drop down in autumn
Thrice blest who saw not, yet believed.
and the cherry blooms in spring

Then when from faith away we fall
Oh the leaves drop down in autumn
May God have mercy on us all.
and the cherry blooms in spring




[For a related poem, see:  The Healing of Jesus]